Corporate practice of medicine laws by state: 50-state CPOM guide (2026)
Foundry’s CPOM 50-state guide is a filterable 50-state + D.C. matrix, a what-to-form-by-footprint table, transaction-notice overlays, and deep pages for CA, TX, NY, NJ, OR, MA, PA, NV, NC, FL, IL, WA, AZ, OH, MI, VA, WI, IN, TN, MD, MN, CT, MO, UT, SC, KY, KS, IA, LA, OK, AL, AR, ID, NM, HI, DE, ME, NE, DC, RI, and NH. Pair it with CPOM compliance. Every state gets a matrix row, with deep pages where the rules need more room. Not a fake 50-state PC network.
Which states have corporate practice of medicine laws? Most U.S. states and D.C. limit or prohibit non-physicians from owning entities that practice medicine. Strict states include California, Texas, and New York; many others are Moderate, Limited, or Nuanced. Use the matrix below for posture, typical structure, and fee-splitting notes in all 50 states + D.C., then open any deep .gov page and run CPOM compliance.
What is a CPOM 50-state guide? A CPOM 50-state guide explains Corporate Practice of Medicine rules across the U.S. and how to use the matrix: filter your footprint, read doctrine posture / typical structure / fee-splitting, open any deep page, check notice overlays, then run CPOM compliance. Foundry’s guide at /cpom/ is a 50-state + D.C. matrix with deep pages for key states, not a plug-in Super PC.
Doctrine map versus operating test. The /cpom/ hub is the doctrine map (which statute and board). CPOM compliance is the operating test (physician-owned PC, FMV MSA, no lay de facto control, and how buyers and payers check the file). Use both. They are not substitutes. See the side-by-side comparison in our CPOM compliance guide.
Honesty vs plug-in national PC vendors
A CPOM 50-state guide is a doctrine map. It is not a rented 50-state professional corporation. Vendors who sell a shared “national PC,” a plug-in Super PC, or a 50-state PC network are selling a different product. Foundry does not drop clients into a shared shell. When multi-state coverage is required, Foundry matches a 50-state licensed physician as the PC owner for the states you operate. Formation is $15,000 one-time. Matching is $3,000 per month. See why Foundry does not sell a Super PC.
Contents
How to use the 50-state matrix
Operators searching “CPOM 50-state guide” need a path, not a wall of cells. Use these steps:
- List the states where patients sit. CPOM follows the patient, not your Delaware HQ. Do not assume one rented PC covers the map.
- Filter the matrix for those states. Read doctrine posture, typical structure, and the fee-splitting note. A dash under “Foundry depth” means the matrix row covers that state for now, not that the state is optional.
- Open every deep page in your footprint. Currently CA, TX, NY, NJ, OR, IL, FL, CO, GA, MA, PA, NV, NC, WA, AZ, OH, MI, VA, WI, IN, TN, MD, MN, CT, MO, UT, SC, KY, KS, IA, LA, OK, AL, AR, ID, NM, HI, DE, ME, NE, DC, RI, and NH. Those pages cite official .gov or statute text. A Limited, Moderate, or Nuanced label (Virginia, Wisconsin, Ohio, Maryland, Minnesota, Connecticut, Missouri, Utah, South Carolina, Kentucky) is not a waiver. Still run CPOM compliance.
- Check what to form and any notice overlay. Ownership rules and transaction-notice statutes are different jobs. California AB 1415 and Massachusetts CHIA reporting do not replace a physician-owned PC.
- Run the operational checklist on CPOM compliance (funds flow, MSA fees, role split, how buyers and payers actually check). Download the CPOM compliance checklist PDF.
- Form for the states you treat. Foundry MSO-PC formation is $15,000 one-time. A friendly PC owner is $3,000/mo. Not a plug-in Super PC.
What the matrix and deep pages add versus a Yes/No blog
Most CPOM 50-state lists stop at a commentator’s Yes / No / Nuanced label. That is a starting point. Operators still need to know what to file, whether a percentage MSA is the high-risk pattern, and whether a notice statute sits on top of ownership. The /cpom/ hub is built for that second job:
- Typical structure. Usually physician PC + FMV MSA even when a state is labeled limited.
- Fee-splitting note. Whether a share of professional collections is the high-risk management fee.
- Foundry depth. A deep page, a blog post, or a dash. A dash means the matrix row covers that state for now. It is not a waiver.
- What to form by footprint. Domestic PC vs NYSED certificate vs Clinic Act awareness vs Oregon SB 951 PME. See the table below.
- Transaction-notice overlay. California AB 1415, Massachusetts CHIA PE reporting, New York professional-entity process, Oregon SB 951 timelines. Notice is not ownership.
We do not copy another vendor’s table. Commentators disagree on several Yes/No labels. Confirm each cell with counsel. Then form via the MSO-PC structure & setup guide ($15,000).
What to form by footprint
The unique operator layer of Foundry’s CPOM 50-state guide is educational, not a filing opinion. Foundry MSO-PC formation is $15,000 one-time for the states you treat. A 50-state licensed physician as PC owner is not a rented national shell.
| If patients sit in | What operators typically form | What not to do | Foundry depth |
|---|---|---|---|
| California | Physician-owned PC (Moscone-Knox) + FMV MSA. Read B&P § 2400, SB 351, AB 1415. | Lay LLC practicing medicine; MSO any-reason clinical termination. | Deep page |
| New York | Domestic PC/PLLC and NYSED certificate of authority. BCL § 1507. | Foreign-qualify a Florida or Delaware PC and call it done. NYSED review often stretches the 1-3 day formation clock. | Deep page |
| Oregon | Physician-majority professional medical entity + MSA. Read SB 951 / ORS ch. 58 overlap limits. | Recycle a 2018 stock-transfer continuity template. New arrangements face a 2026 timeline. | Deep page |
| Texas | PA/PLLC + FMV MSA. Texas Occupations Code ch. 155 / 162. | Medical-director title on a lay LLC as the “formation” step. | Deep page |
| Florida | Physician-owned PC/PA still common. Health Care Clinic Act (ch. 400 Part X) can apply if the clinic is not wholly physician-owned and bills insurance. Board of Medicine. | Treat “no classic CPOM statute” as permission to skip a PC when you bill insurance without a clinic license path. | Deep page |
| New Jersey | Domestic physician PC / PA / PLLC + FMV MSA. Read N.J.A.C. 13:35-6.16. | Lay equity in the clinical entity; inactive NJ license as “owner.” | Deep page |
| Michigan | Physician-owned PC under MCL 450.1281 et seq.; clinicians on the PC payroll; FMV MSA. | MSO employing treating clinicians; stretching the hospital/HMO exception to a startup. | Deep page |
| Ohio | Ohio PA / PLLC + FMV MSA still the diligence default. Read ORC ch. 4731 and § 4731.65. | Treat “permissive” as permission to skip a PC for a multi-state or venture-backed model. | Deep page |
| Virginia | Physician PC under Title 13.1 ch. 7 + FMV MSA. Read § 54.1-2902 and § 54.1-2962. | Treat “no classic CPOM” as permission to skip a PC, or cite § 54.1-2901 as the ban (it is the exemptions article). | Deep page |
| Wisconsin | Service corporation + FMV MSA. Read § 448.03 and § 448.08. | Quote § 448.03 as a corporate-employment ban without reading the official license text. | Deep page |
| Indiana | Physician PC under IC 23-1.5 + FMV MSA. Read IC 25-22.5; do not cite IC 25-22.5-1-2 as a blanket ban (it is exclusions). | Stretch the hospital/HMO exclusion to a startup MSO, or treat Moderate as permission to skip a PC. | Deep page |
| Tennessee | Physician PC under Title 48 ch. 101 + FMV MSA. Read Tenn. Code Ann. § 63-6-204(f) employing-entity limits and Board Rule 0880-02-.20. | Stretch the hospital / faculty-practice exception to a digital-health MSO. | Deep page |
| Maryland | Physician PC under CA Title 5 Subtitle 1 + FMV MSA. Read Health Occ. § 14-301 and § 14-404(a)(15). | Cite Health-Gen. § 14-401 as the CPOM statute (wrong article). | Deep page |
| Minnesota | Professional firm under ch. 319B + FMV MSA. Read § 147.081 and § 319B.07. | Park lay equity in the professional firm, or run a percentage-of-collections MSA against § 147.091 subd. 1(p). | Deep page |
| Connecticut | Physician PC under Chapter 594a + FMV MSA. Read CGS § 20-9(a). Do not cite PA 09-212 as a startup waiver. That is Chapter 594b medical foundations. | Treat Moderate as permission to skip a PC, or analogize a hospital medical foundation to a venture-backed MSO. | Deep page |
| Missouri | Missouri-only cash-pay may stay simpler. Venture-backed / multi-state still form a physician PC under Chapter 356 + FMV MSA. Read RSMo 334.010 as a license rule, not a B&P 2400 clone. | Skip a PC for California or New York patients because “Missouri has no CPOM.” | Deep page |
| Utah | Physician PC under Title 16 Chapter 11 + FMV MSA for venture-backed files. Read Utah Code § 58-67-301 and § 58-67-802. Do not cite § 58-67-802 as a lay-LLC waiver. | Treat Limited as permission to skip a PC, or analogize a business-corporation employment form to unlicensed practice. | Deep page |
| South Carolina | Physician PC under Title 33 Chapter 19 + FMV MSA. Read S.C. Code § 40-47-30 and § 40-47-20(36)(e) inbound telemedicine. | Treat an out-of-state medical-director title as a South Carolina license. | Deep page |
| Kentucky | Kentucky-only cash-pay may stay simpler. Venture-backed / multi-state still form a physician PC under Chapter 274 + FMV MSA. Read KRS 311.560 as a license rule, not a B&P 2400 clone. | Cite hospital employment as a startup CPOM waiver. | Deep page |
| Multi-state telehealth | Form or qualify for the states you treat. Match a 50-state licensed physician as owner of your PC when the footprint needs it. $3,000/mo matching. $15,000 formation. | Rent a plug-in Super PC. See why Foundry does not sell a Super PC. | Setup guide |
What CPOM is, and how Foundry approaches it
What is CPOM?
CPOM (the Corporate Practice of Medicine doctrine) limits who can own a medical practice. In many states a regular corporation cannot practice medicine. Clinical care has to run through a physician-owned Professional Corporation, while a Management Services Organization (MSO) can run the non-clinical business at fair market value.
Why MSO-PC?
An MSO-PC is the standard structure for non-physician founders and digital health companies in CPOM states: the PC delivers care under a physician owner; the MSO owns brand, tech, and operations. Foundry forms that structure for the states you actually need. MSO-PC formation is $15,000 one-time.
Physician PC owner, not a rented 50-state PC
Foundry matches a physician PC owner to your company rather than renting a shared 50-state PC. When multi-state coverage is required, that match can be a 50-state licensed physician. We do not drop clients into a pre-built 50-state professional corporation. Friendly PC owner matching is $3,000 per month.
CPOM compliance
CPOM compliance is the operational side of the doctrine: clinical care through a physician-owned PC, an MSO paid at fair market value, separate banking and EIN, and no lay de facto control of medicine. Foundry forms the MSO-PC and matches the physician PC owner so founders can stay on that path.
For a checklist and how Foundry helps, see CPOM compliance for healthcare founders.
Strict, Moderate, and Limited labels
CPOM is not identical in every state. Foundry publishes deep pages only where there is real substance to add. Use this tier view as a starting map, then read the state pages that exist. Always confirm with counsel for your facts.
| Tier | What it usually means | Deep pages on Foundry | Other examples (matrix rows) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Strict | Physician (or licensed professional) ownership of the clinical entity is expected; lay corporate practice is prohibited; regulators scrutinize de facto control. | CA, TX, NY, NJ, OR (SB 951), CO, IL, GA, MA, NV | Commentators often treat CT as strict in practice; Foundry’s deep page keeps Connecticut as Moderate (CGS § 20-9(a) + Chapter 594a). PA 09-212 is the medical-foundation exception, not a startup waiver. |
| Moderate | CPOM themes exist via statute, case law, or board rules; MSO-PC still common for multi-state telehealth; facts matter. | FL, PA, NC, WA, AZ, MI, WI, IN, TN, MD, MN, CT, SC, KS, IA | Several Midwestern and Southern states. Form for the states you need rather than assuming permissive. |
| Permissive / limited | Fewer classic corporate-practice barriers, but payer, facility, and professional-board rules can still constrain ownership and control. | OH (nuanced), KY (nuanced), LA (nuanced), VA, MO, UT | A “permissive” label is not permission to ignore clinical ownership good practice. We still scope formation to your footprint. |
Tiers are educational summaries for founders, not a formal legal classification. See CPOM compliance and MSO-PC formation ($15,000).
50-state + D.C. CPOM matrix
Educational summary for founders, not a formal legal classification. Columns: doctrine posture, typical structure, fee-splitting note, and links only to pages that already exist. Commentators disagree on several “Yes / No / Nuanced” labels (Georgia, Ohio, Florida, D.C., and others). Last reviewed 2 October 2026. Always confirm with counsel for your facts.
| State | Doctrine posture | Typical structure | Fee-splitting note | Foundry depth | Last reviewed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Limited | Flexible; MSO-PC still used for diligence | Autonomy / ethics: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page · Blog | 2026-09-21 |
| Alaska | Limited | PC typically licensed owners. Confirm Alaska Stat. professional-corporation chapter with counsel. | Confirm with counsel; keep MSA at FMV for multi-state | - | 2026-09-28 |
| Arizona | Moderate | Physician PC + FMV MSA common | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page · Blog | 2026-09-08 |
| Arkansas | Moderate | PC (board certification often discussed) | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page · Blog | 2026-09-21 |
| California | Strict | Physician-owned PC (Moscone-Knox) + FMV MSA | Yes: B&P / fee-split themes | Deep page · SB 351 / AB 1415 | 2026-09-13 |
| Colorado | Strict | PC/LLC + MSA; clinical control with licensees | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page | 2026-09-19 |
| Connecticut | Moderate | Physician PC (CGS 33-182a) + FMV MSA; PA 09-212 is medical foundations, not a startup waiver | Yes: keep MSA at FMV; § 20-13c overlay | Deep page · Blog | 2026-09-15 |
| Delaware | Limited | Physician PC + FMV MSA. Read 8 Del. C. §§ 603 / 605 / 610. HQ is not a patient-state passport. | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page | 2026-09-28 |
| District of Columbia | Nuanced | Physician PC + FMV MSA. Read D.C. Code § 29-505 and § 29-508. | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page | 2026-10-09 |
| Florida | Moderate | PC/PA or clinic-license path; MSO-PC still common. Clinic Act § 400.990 + § 456.053. | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page | 2026-09-13 |
| Georgia | Moderate | PC + MSO still typical after 1982 repeal | Referral fee-split themes | Deep page | 2026-09-19 |
| Hawaii | Limited | Physician PC + FMV MSA. Read HRS § 415A-9 and HRS ch. 453. | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page | 2026-09-28 |
| Idaho | Limited | Physician PC + FMV MSA. Read Idaho Code § 54-1804; Board disavowed classic CPOM in 2016. | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page | 2026-09-28 |
| Illinois | Strict | PC/PLLC + FMV MSA (Berlin-line cases) | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page | 2026-09-08 |
| Indiana | Moderate | Physician PC + FMV MSA. Read IC 25-22.5 and IC 23-1.5. Do not cite 25-22.5-1-2 as a blanket ban. | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page · Blog | 2026-09-14 |
| Iowa | Moderate | Physician PC + FMV MSA. Read Iowa Code § 496C.7 and § 496C.11. | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page · Blog | 2026-09-20 |
| Kansas | Moderate | Physician PC + FMV MSA. Read K.S.A. 17-2712. Do not stretch 65-28,134. | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page · Blog | 2026-09-20 |
| Kentucky | Nuanced | Physician PC + FMV MSA; KRS 311.560 is a license rule | Yes. Keep MSA at FMV | Deep page | 2026-09-18 |
| Louisiana | Nuanced | Professional medical corporation + FMV MSA. Read La. R.S. 12:901 and R.S. 40:2198.12. | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page · Blog | 2026-09-20 |
| Maine | Limited | Physician PC + FMV MSA. Read 13 M.R.S. § 741 and § 734. | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page | 2026-09-29 |
| Maryland | Moderate | Physician PC under CA Title 5 Subtitle 1 + FMV MSA. Read Health Occ. § 14-301 and § 14-404(a)(15). Do not cite Health-Gen. § 14-401. | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page · Blog | 2026-09-14 |
| Massachusetts | Strict | PC/LLC or clinic path; PE reporting overlay | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page · Blog | 2026-09-07 |
| Michigan | Moderate | PC/PLLC + FMV MSA | Confirm / ethics: FMV MSA | Deep page · Blog | 2026-09-13 |
| Minnesota | Moderate | Professional firm under ch. 319B + FMV MSA. Read Minn. Stat. § 147.081 and § 319B.07. | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page · Blog | 2026-09-14 |
| Mississippi | Nuanced | Flexible for medicine in many guides. Confirm Miss. Code professional-corporation chapter with counsel. | Confirm with counsel; keep MSA at FMV for multi-state | - | 2026-09-28 |
| Missouri | Limited | 334.010 licenses people; ch. 356 PC still used for diligence | Yes for multi-state: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page · Blog | 2026-09-15 |
| Montana | Nuanced | PC + board regulation. Confirm Mont. Code Ann. professional-corporation provisions with counsel. | Confirm with counsel; keep MSA at FMV for multi-state | - | 2026-09-28 |
| Nebraska | Limited | Physician PC + FMV MSA. Read Neb. Rev. Stat. § 21-2202 and § 21-2208. | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page | 2026-09-29 |
| Nevada | Strict | PC; licensed owners in public guides | Confirm with counsel | Deep page · Blog | 2026-09-07 |
| New Hampshire | Limited | Physician PC + FMV MSA. Read RSA 294-A:5 and § 294-A:8. Limited is not a waiver. | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page | 2026-10-09 |
| New Jersey | Strict | Domestic physician PC + FMV MSA. Read N.J.A.C. 13:35-6.16 and N.J.S.A. 45:9-22.5. | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page · Blog | 2026-09-14 |
| New Mexico | Limited | Physician PC + FMV MSA. Read NMSA § 53-6-4 / § 53-6-9; Medical Practice Act via NMMB. | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page | 2026-09-28 |
| New York | Strict | Domestic PC/PLLC; NYSED certificate of authority. Read BCL § 1507 / § 1508. | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page · NYSED timeline | 2026-09-14 |
| North Carolina | Moderate | PC/PLLC + board rules | Confirm / ethics: FMV MSA | Deep page · Blog | 2026-09-07 |
| North Dakota | Moderate | PC; licensed professional ownership. Confirm N.D.C.C. professional-corporation chapter with counsel. | Confirm with counsel; keep MSA at FMV | - | 2026-09-28 |
| Ohio | Nuanced | Increasingly flexible in public guides; MSO-PC still common | Confirm with counsel | Deep page · Blog | 2026-09-13 |
| Oklahoma | Limited | Flexible; MSO-PC still used for diligence | Confirm with counsel | Deep page · Blog | 2026-09-21 |
| Oregon | Strict | Physician-majority PME + MSA; SB 951 overlap limits | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page · SB 951 | 2026-09-05 |
| Pennsylvania | Moderate | PC/PLLC; Neill v. Gimbel line | Confirm / ethics: FMV MSA | Deep page · Blog | 2026-09-07 |
| Rhode Island | Moderate | Physician PSC + FMV MSA. Read R.I. Gen. Laws § 7-5.1-3. S2459 / H7721 are proposed, not enacted. | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page | 2026-10-09 |
| South Carolina | Moderate | Physician PC + FMV MSA; inbound telemedicine is practice | Yes. Keep MSA at FMV | Deep page | 2026-09-18 |
| South Dakota | Moderate | PC + board policy. Confirm S.D. Codified Laws professional-corporation chapter with counsel. | Confirm with counsel; keep MSA at FMV | - | 2026-09-28 |
| Tennessee | Moderate | Physician PC + FMV MSA. Read Tenn. Code Ann. § 63-6-204(f) and Rule 0880-02-.20. Do not stretch hospital exceptions. | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page · Blog | 2026-09-14 |
| Texas | Strict | PA/PLLC + FMV MSA; TMB scrutiny | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page · Blog | 2026-09-13 |
| Utah | Limited | Flexible practice forms; Title 16 ch. 11 still restricts PC shares | Yes. Keep MSA at FMV | Deep page | 2026-09-18 |
| Vermont | Limited | Flexible historically; PE/CPOM bills appear in 2026 literature. Confirm current Vt. statutes with counsel. | Confirm with counsel; keep MSA at FMV for multi-state | - | 2026-09-28 |
| Virginia | Limited | Physician PC + FMV MSA still the diligence default. Read Va. Code § 54.1-2902 and § 54.1-2962. | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page · Blog | 2026-09-13 |
| Washington | Moderate | PC/PLLC (RCW 18.100) + FMV MSA | Confirm with counsel | Deep page · Blog | 2026-09-08 |
| West Virginia | Moderate | PC + board oversight. Confirm W. Va. Code professional-corporation chapter with counsel. | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | - | 2026-09-28 |
| Wisconsin | Moderate | Service corp + FMV MSA. Read Wis. Stat. § 448.03 and § 448.08. | Yes: keep MSA at FMV | Deep page · Blog | 2026-09-13 |
| Wyoming | Limited | Flexible; MSO-PC still used for diligence. Confirm Wyo. Stat. professional-corporation chapter with counsel. | Confirm with counsel; keep MSA at FMV for multi-state | - | 2026-09-28 |
Deep pages are reserved for states with real substance. Every other state has a full row on this matrix. Formation is still scoped to your footprint via the MSO-PC structure & setup guide ($15,000) and a friendly PC owner ($3,000/mo), not a plug-in Super PC.
California
Enforcement: Very High
Texas
Enforcement: High
New York
Enforcement: High
Illinois
Enforcement: Moderate-High
New Jersey
Enforcement: High
Colorado
Enforcement: Moderate-High
Georgia
Enforcement: Moderate-High
Florida
Enforcement: Moderate
Oregon
Enforcement: Very High (SB 951)
Massachusetts
Enforcement: Moderate (CHIA overlay)
Pennsylvania
Enforcement: Moderate-High (Neill)
Nevada
Enforcement: High (NRS 89)
North Carolina
Enforcement: Moderate-High
Washington
Enforcement: Moderate (RCW 18.100)
Arizona
Enforcement: Moderate (business-friendly)
Ohio
Enforcement: Nuanced (ORC 4731)
Michigan
Enforcement: Moderate (MCL 450.1281 et seq.)
Virginia
Enforcement: Limited (54.1-2902)
Wisconsin
Enforcement: Moderate (448.03 / 448.08)
Indiana
Enforcement: Moderate (IC 25-22.5)
Tennessee
Enforcement: Moderate (§ 63-6-204)
Maryland
Enforcement: Moderate (Health Occ. 14-301)
Minnesota
Enforcement: Moderate (147.081 / 319B)
Connecticut
Enforcement: Moderate (CGS 20-9(a))
Missouri
Enforcement: Limited (RSMo 334.010)
Utah
Enforcement: Limited (§ 58-67-301 / 802)
South Carolina
Enforcement: Moderate (§ 40-47-30)
Kentucky
Enforcement: Nuanced (KRS 311.560)
Kansas
Enforcement: Moderate (17-2712)
Iowa
Enforcement: Moderate (496C.7)
Louisiana
Enforcement: Nuanced (12:901)
Oklahoma
Enforcement: Limited (18 O.S. 809)
Alabama
Enforcement: Limited (10A-4-3.01)
Arkansas
Enforcement: Moderate (4-29-307)
Idaho
Enforcement: Limited · § 54-1804
New Mexico
Enforcement: Limited · NMSA 53-6
Hawaii
Enforcement: Limited · HRS 415A-9
Delaware
Enforcement: Limited · 8 Del. C. 610
Maine
Enforcement: Limited · 13 M.R.S. 734 / 741
Nebraska
Enforcement: Limited · Neb. Rev. Stat. 21-2208
District of Columbia
Enforcement: Nuanced · D.C. Code 29-505
Rhode Island
Enforcement: Moderate · R.I. Gen. Laws 7-5.1
New Hampshire
Enforcement: Limited · RSA 294-A:8
Sources and citations
Primary authorities we cite on deep pages and in this matrix. This is not an exhaustive reporter. Statutes and board rules change.
- California Business & Professions Code § 2400 (official text); Senate Bill 351 and Assembly Bill 1415 (2025-26 session, effective 1 January 2026). See California CPOM.
- Oregon ORS chapter 58 (§§ 58.375-58.376); Senate Bill 951 (2025) and related 2026/2029 timelines. See Oregon CPOM.
- Texas Occupations Code ch. 155 and ch. 162; Texas Medical Board practice restrictions. See Texas CPOM.
- New York Business Corporation Law § 1507; NYSED professional corporation / certificate of authority. See New York CPOM.
- New Jersey Administrative Code 13:35-6.16 (Board of Medical Examiners professional-practice structure). See New Jersey CPOM.
- Florida Statutes ch. 458; Health Care Clinic Act (ch. 400, Part X); Board of Medicine. See Florida CPOM.
- Illinois 225 ILCS 60; 805 ILCS 15; IDFPR. See Illinois CPOM.
- Washington RCW 18.100; RCW 19.68; Washington Medical Commission. See Washington CPOM.
- Arizona A.R.S. § 32-1401; Arizona Medical Board; Title 10 professional corporations. See Arizona CPOM.
- Ohio ORC Chapter 4731; § 4731.226; § 4731.65; Chapter 1785; State Medical Board of Ohio. See Ohio CPOM.
- Michigan Public Health Code MCL 333.1101; Business Corporation Act ch. 2A (professional corporations), MCL 450.1281 et seq.; Board of Medicine. See Michigan CPOM.
- Virginia Va. Code § 54.1-2902; § 54.1-2962; § 54.1-2962.1; Title 13.1 ch. 7; Board of Medicine. See Virginia CPOM.
- Wisconsin Wis. Stat. § 448.03; § 448.08; § 180.1901; Medical Examining Board. See Wisconsin CPOM.
- Indiana IC 25-22.5; IC 25-22.5-1-2 (exclusions, not a blanket ban); IC 23-1.5; Medical Licensing Board of Indiana. See Indiana CPOM.
- Tennessee Tenn. Code Ann. § 63-6-204 (employing-entity limits); Title 48 ch. 101; Board Rule 0880-02-.20; Board of Medical Examiners. See Tennessee CPOM.
- Maryland Health Occ. § 14-301; § 14-601; § 14-404(a)(15); CA Title 5 Subtitle 1; Board of Physicians. See Maryland CPOM.
- Minnesota Minn. Stat. § 147.081; § 147.091 subd. 1(p); § 319B.07; Board of Medical Practice. See Minnesota CPOM.
- Connecticut CGS § 20-9(a); Chapter 594a; Chapter 594b (PA 09-212 medical foundations); OLR 2013-R-0262; DPH. See Connecticut CPOM.
- Missouri RSMo 334.010; § 334.100; Chapter 356; Board of Registration for the Healing Arts. See Missouri CPOM.
- Utah Utah Code § 58-67-301; § 58-67-802; § 16-11-7; DOPL. See Utah CPOM.
- South Carolina S.C. Code § 40-47-30; § 40-47-20(36)(e); Title 33 Chapter 19; Board of Medical Examiners. See South Carolina CPOM.
- Kentucky KRS 311.560; Chapter 274; KRS 274.017; Board of Medical Licensure. See Kentucky CPOM.
- Colorado C.R.S. Title 12 / § 12-240-138; § 25-3-103.7; Colorado Medical Board. See Colorado CPOM.
- Georgia O.C.G.A. § 14-7-4 (2021 Act 34 / HB 119); Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. 360-3; Composite Medical Board. See Georgia CPOM.
- Kansas K.S.A. 17-2712; K.S.A. 65-28,134; Board of Healing Arts. See Kansas CPOM.
- Iowa Iowa Code § 496C.7; § 148.1; Board of Medicine. See Iowa CPOM.
- Louisiana La. R.S. 12:901; R.S. 40:2198.12; LSBME. See Louisiana CPOM.
- Oklahoma 18 O.S. § 809; 2025 OK AG 16; 59 O.S. § 492; OSBMLS. See Oklahoma CPOM.
- Alabama Ala. Code § 10A-4-3.01; r. 540-X-9-.06; ALBME. See Alabama CPOM.
- Arkansas A.C.A. § 4-29-307 (quoted in SB 262); Arkansas State Medical Board. See Arkansas CPOM.
- Foundry deep pages and state blog guides linked in the matrix. Educational 50-state literature varies; we do not copy another vendor’s table. Confirm each cite with counsel. Statutes change.
- Maine 13 M.R.S. § 741; § 734; Board of Licensure in Medicine. See Maine CPOM.
- Nebraska Neb. Rev. Stat. § 21-2202; § 21-2208; § 38-2024. See Nebraska CPOM.
- District of Columbia D.C. Code § 29-505; § 29-508. See District of Columbia CPOM.
- Rhode Island R.I. Gen. Laws § 7-5.1-3; § 7-5.1-2. S2459 / H7721 are proposed, not enacted. See Rhode Island CPOM.
- New Hampshire RSA 294-A:5; RSA 294-A:8. See New Hampshire CPOM.
Frequently asked questions
What is a CPOM 50-state guide?
A CPOM 50-state guide explains Corporate Practice of Medicine rules across the U.S. Foundry’s guide at /cpom/ is a 50-state + D.C. matrix plus deep pages for CA, TX, NY, NJ, OR, MA, PA, NV, NC, FL, IL, WA, AZ, OH, MI, VA, WI, IN, TN, MD, MN, CT, MO, UT, SC, KY, KS, IA, LA, OK, AL, AR, ID, NM, HI, DE, ME, NE, DC, RI, and NH. Pair it with CPOM compliance.
Does Foundry publish a deep page for every state?
No. Foundry publishes deep pages only where there is real substance: currently CA, TX, NY, NJ, OR, IL, FL, CO, GA, MA, PA, NV, NC, WA, AZ, OH, MI, VA, WI, IN, TN, MD, MN, CT, MO, UT, SC, KY, KS, IA, LA, OK, AL, AR, ID, NM, HI, DE, ME, NE, DC, RI, and NH. Every other state has a full row on the matrix. Pair deep pages with CPOM compliance.
How is a CPOM 50-state guide different from CPOM compliance?
A CPOM 50-state guide is which statute and board you answer. CPOM compliance is whether the file is real: funds flow, FMV MSA, no lay de facto control. Comparison: operating test versus doctrine map. Formation is $15,000 one-time; a friendly PC owner is $3,000 per month.
Does Foundry’s CPOM 50-state guide include Oklahoma, Alabama, and Arkansas?
Yes. Oklahoma is Limited: 18 O.S. § 809 plus 59 O.S. § 492. Alabama is Limited: Ala. Code § 10A-4-3.01 plus r. 540-X-9-.06. Arkansas is Moderate: A.C.A. § 4-29-307 plus § 4-29-309. A Limited or Moderate label is not a waiver of CPOM compliance. Formation is $15,000 one-time; a friendly PC owner is $3,000 per month.
Can I rent one national PC from Foundry’s CPOM 50-state guide?
No. Foundry does not drop clients into a plug-in Super PC. When multi-state coverage is required, Foundry matches a 50-state licensed physician as the PC owner for the states you operate. See the honesty block vs plug-in national PC vendors.
How do buyers use a CPOM 50-state guide in diligence?
Buyers open each patient state on the CPOM 50-state guide for posture and typical structure, then sample the data room for CPOM compliance: physician shareholder ledger, FMV MSA, and one claim from payer to PC bank. Formation is $15,000 one-time; a friendly PC owner is $3,000 per month. After vendor compares, see Permit Health alternatives.
Do Maine or Nebraska skip CPOM compliance because they are Limited?
No. Both are Limited on this CPOM 50-state guide. Maine cites 13 M.R.S. § 741 and § 734. Nebraska cites Neb. Rev. Stat. § 21-2208. A Limited label is not a waiver. Deep pages: Maine, Nebraska. Then run CPOM compliance.
Do D.C., Rhode Island, or New Hampshire skip CPOM compliance?
No. The District of Columbia is Nuanced (D.C. Code § 29-505). Rhode Island is Moderate (R.I. Gen. Laws § 7-5.1-3; 2026 bills S2459 and H7721 are proposed, not enacted). New Hampshire is Limited (RSA 294-A:8). None of those labels is a waiver. Deep pages: District of Columbia, Rhode Island, New Hampshire. Then run CPOM compliance.
Related reading
CPOM compliance · MSO-PC formation · Friendly PC owner · Permit Health alternatives · Maine CPOM
All 43 deep state pages sit under Deep state pages.
Foundry PC is not a law firm. General information only, not legal advice.